Sources & selection
Follow each idea back to the original research.
Selection
Selected by research question and historical context. Papers, technical reports, model cards and research articles are distinguished.
Sources
Authors, source dates and primary links are retained. Illustrations are conceptual line drawings, not figures from the papers.
Reading notes
Chinese translations and AI-assisted notes support reading and discovery. Consult original works for the full argument, citations and licensing.
Institutions and geography
Locations refer either to credited institutions in the original work or to the listed publishing organization’s principal bases; each basis is labeled. Multiple bases do not constitute a complete country census for every paper. Names, language, ethnicity, citizenship and conference venues are never used to infer origin. Unverified affiliations stay unverified. Curated record counts are not national rankings.